12 Primary Channels of Acupuncture
Introduction
The 12 Primary Channels—also known as the 12 Regular Channels—form the core structure of acupuncture theory and clinical practice. These channels correspond to internal organ systems and provide pathways for regulating sensory, motor, and autonomic functions through acupuncture point stimulation.
Overview
Each of the 12 channels is bilateral and corresponds to a specific organ. These channels are essential for diagnosis and treatment in both traditional and modern acupuncture approaches. Most commonly used acupuncture points are located along these channels.
List of the 12 Primary Channels
Click below to learn more about each individual channel, including its trajectory, physiological functions, commonly used acupuncture points, and clinical relevance.
The Lung Channel begins in the middle burner and travels through the lungs, throat, and arm. It is closely associated with respiratory function and skin health. Clinically, it’s used to treat cough, asthma, shortness of breath, and immune support.
2. Large Intestine Channel (Hand Yangming)
Originating at the tip of the index finger, the Large Intestine Channel travels up the arm to the face. It’s used for head and face conditions like sinus congestion, toothaches, and sore throat, and also assists with bowel function.
3. Stomach Channel (Foot Yangming)
This channel begins near the eye and descends through the body to the second toe. It governs digestive function and is frequently used for gastrointestinal complaints, emotional stress, and issues of the lower limbs.
4. Spleen Channel (Foot Taiyin)
Running from the big toe up to the chest, the Spleen Channel influences digestion, fluid metabolism, and blood production. It’s commonly used in treating fatigue, bloating, and menstrual disorders.
5. Heart Channel (Hand Shaoyin)
The Heart Channel starts in the heart, travels through the arm, and ends at the pinky. It’s involved in emotional regulation, sleep, and cardiovascular health, with points used for anxiety, palpitations, and insomnia.
6. Small Intestine Channel (Hand Taiyang)
This channel begins at the pinky and moves up the arm to the face. It’s linked with the processing of fluids and clarity of mind, often used to treat shoulder pain, neck stiffness, and ear disorders.
7. Bladder Channel (Foot Taiyang)
The longest channel, it runs from the inner eye over the head and back down the leg. It is associated with the nervous system and musculoskeletal pain, especially in the back and legs, and is key in treating stress and neurological conditions.
8. Kidney Channel (Foot Shaoyin)
Starting at the sole of the foot and ending at the chest, the Kidney Channel governs reproduction, growth, and vitality. It’s frequently used for low back pain, fatigue, hormonal imbalance, and fertility issues.
9. Pericardium Channel (Hand Jueyin)
The Pericardium Channel protects the heart and influences emotional stability. Running from the chest to the middle finger, it’s used to treat chest tightness, palpitations, anxiety, and nausea.
10. San Jiao Channel (Hand Shaoyang)
Also known as the Triple Burner, this channel regulates water metabolism and energy distribution. It runs from the ring finger to the head and is used for ear conditions, headaches, and hormonal regulation.
11. Gallbladder Channel (Foot Shaoyang)
This channel traverses the side of the body and is vital for decision-making and emotional balance. It’s commonly used for migraine, hip pain, and stress-related symptoms.
12. Liver Channel (Foot Jueyin)
The Liver Channel starts at the big toe and travels to the chest. It’s central to the regulation of circulation, emotional balance, and reproductive health. Points on this channel treat PMS, irritability, and digestive issues.
Why the 12 Channels Matter in Modern Practice
Understanding these channels allows practitioners to:
Select effective acupuncture points tailored to specific symptoms
Treat both surface-level and systemic issues
Formulate comprehensive treatment strategies based on channel theory
Whether you’re receiving acupuncture for back pain, stress recovery, or hormonal balance, treatment is guided by the structure and functions of these primary channels.
At Morningside Acupuncture, New York City’s best acupuncture and dry needling clinic, our treatments are deeply informed by the channel system to ensure accurate and effective care.